ANKARA, Turkey/DHAKA, Bangladesh
A judgment against Myanmar from the ongoing genocide lawsuit at the UN’s highest court can be an effective tool to put “powerful” pressure on State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi administration to speed up the peaceful and dignified reparation of Rohingya to their home country, said a top legal expert.
In an interview with Anadolu Agency, Michael Becker, former associate legal officer at the Netherlands-based International Court of Justice (ICJ) said that economic sanctions might be part of a broader effort by states to get Myanmar to comply with the court's final judgment (if the judgment requires Myanmar to take certain actions).
In a landmark interim verdict early this year, the highest court ruled that it has the authority to consider a genocide case against Myanmar and approved emergency “provisional measures” compelling Myanmar to halt persecution against Rohingya, including killing, raping, and destroying homes and villages.
Filed by the West African nation of the Gambia last year in November, the lawsuit blames Myanmar for carrying out genocide against the hapless Rohingya community.
“The ICJ case that the Gambia has brought can and should be part of a broader political strategy aimed at creating the changes that are needed in Myanmar to make it possible for the Rohingya to return to Rakhine and to live safe and dignified lives,” said Becker.
The legal expert, who now teaches law at the Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, said that the final jugment from international court may encourage global actors to act against Myanmar, adopting harsh measures including imposing economic sanctions.
He further said that the final judgment of ICJ may lead even multinational companies to review their relations with Myanmar.
“Gambia is going to rely heavily on the investigations that have already been undertaken by third parties -- namely, the UN Fact-Finding Mission, but other third-party sources, as well,“ he added.
Last year in October, the head of the UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, Marzuki Darusman, told the General Assembly that Myanmar is failing in its obligations under the Genocide Convention to prevent, to investigate and to enact effective legislation criminalizing and punishing genocide.
Future judicial process
On the future judicial process, former ICJ officer said the satellite imagery coupled with photographic and video evidence from inside Rakhine state, as well as extensive testimonies from the witnesses living in camps in Bangladesh, will be the main pieces of evidence in the during the hearings.
Becker, however, said that there was a big question on how much weightage the ICJ will give to the findings of the UN Fact-Finding Mission.
On the role of China, he said it was a vital factor as Beijing’s veto at the UN Security Council will complicate efforts and collective actions aimed at enforcing the Court’s decision, in case it goes against Myanmar.
“The much more difficult challenge for the Gambia is to prove to the ICJ that these acts of violence took place with genocidal intent – that is, the intent on the part of the perpetrators to destroy in whole or in part the Rohingya, “he added.
After three years it may also be tougher to prove genocide charges against Myanmar. But this would arguably be a major challenge even if investigators currently had access to Rakhine.
Despite frequent requests from international platforms including the UN to allow investigators to visit Rakhine state, the place of August 2017 military crackdown, there has been no positive signal from Naypyidaw till the date.
Becker also emphasized the proper use of Facebook evidence in proving crime charges against Myanmar.
“The idea is that the material that Facebook took down -- because it violated Facebook’s policies in one way or another -- will help to show that the Rohingya were targeted as part of a campaign bent on their destruction and that these acts of violence were not undertaken for some other reason,” said Becker.
Calling the witnesses
He said another material for the Court could be the report of Myanmar’s own Independent Commission of Enquiry. Thought the full report of the commission has not been released, its executive summary with some of the supporting annexes was published in January.
The former ICJ legal officer said there was apprehension that Myanmar may attack the credibility and accuracy of information gathered by the UN Fact-Finding Mission. To face this challenge, he said, Gambia’s legal team needs to be prepared to defend the methods and choices of the Fact-Finding Mission.
Becker said while the ICJ judgments are legally binding, but their enforcement is subject to a political process.
Asked about the significance of judgment for Rohingya, while Myanmar is not part of “Rome Statute” the former legal officer said the ICJ is not about prosecuting or handing over punishment to individuals.
“The ICJ case is about the responsibility of Myanmar -- as a state-- for its alleged violations of the Genocide Convention, “he added.
Persecuted people
The Rohingya, described by the UN as the world's most persecuted people, have faced heightened fears of attack since dozens were killed in communal violence in 2012.
According to Amnesty International, more than 750,000 Rohingya refugees, mostly women and children, fled Myanmar and crossed into Bangladesh after Myanmar forces launched a crackdown on the minority Muslim community in August 2017, pushing the number of persecuted people in Bangladesh above 1.2 million.
Since Aug. 25, 2017, nearly 24,000 Rohingya Muslims have been killed by Myanmar’s state forces, according to a report by the Ontario International Development Agency (OIDA).
More than 34,000 Rohingya were also thrown into fires, while over 114,000 others were beaten, said the OIDA report, titled Forced Migration of Rohingya: The Untold Experience.
As many as 18,000 Rohingya women and girls were raped by Myanmar’s army and police and over 115,000 Rohingya homes were burned down, while 113,000 others were vandalized, it added.
